Syllabus for Engineering Cadets

Mathematics

• Numerical & Linear Algebra, Vector Spaces, and its examples from real life, linear independence and vectors, bases.
• Matrices: rank and inverse of a matrix, determinants. Eigen values and linear equations.
• Complex numbers and Polar form. De-Moivres’ Theorem. nth root of complex numbers. Hyperbolic functions. Sum of trigonometric series. Set of complex numbers as a group, ring and field.
• Vector Analysis Geometry and Numerical Methods, Numerical and Linear Programming.
• Calculus: Integration Finding Limits. Gradient, Continuity of a function. Differentiability. Indeterminate forms, use of Rolle’s Theorem, mean value theorems (Lagrange and Cauchy), convergence and divergence Differential equations of first order.
• Rectangular coordinate system. Translation and rotation of axes. Direction cosines and Ratios. Angle between two lines.
• Standard form of equations and intersection of planes and lines. Distance between points, lines and planes. Spherical. Polar and cylindrical coordinate systems.
• Standard form of the equations of a sphere, cylinder, cone, ellipsoid,Paraboloid and hyperboloid. Symmetry and intercepts of a surface. Tangent planes and normals.

Physics

• Vector in 3 dimensions and Operations; Direction; Cosines; Spherical polar coordinates.
• Dynamics of Uniform, circular motion the banked curve. Newton’s Laws.
• Power, Energy, Centre of mass, velocity and motion. Elastic Collisions. Conservation of momentum during Collision: i) One dimensions. (Concept) ii) Two dimensions (Oblique Collisions) (Mathematical treatment).
• Inelastic collision. Kinetic energy of rotation; Moment of Inertia. Parallel axis theorem.
• Gravitational effect of a spherical mass distribution, Gravitational Potential Energy, calculation of escape velocity, Gravitational field & Potential, Universal Gravitational Law, Radial and transversal velocity and acceleration. Motion of Planets and Keepers' Laws.
• Elastic Properties, & Viscosity, (Poisenille's law). Relativity of time, length & mass. Transfermission of velocity, variation of mass with velocity, mass energy relation and relativistic momentum and Relativistic energy, (Lorentz invariants) E2=c2p2+mo2c.4
• Sound harmonic oscillation, Longitudinal and transverse Oscillations, Pendulum, simple Harmonic motions: Lissaajous patterns. Mechanical waves, Travelling waves, Phase velocity of travelling waves; Sinusoidal waves.
• Power and intensity in wave motion, Visible light (physical characteristics). Light as an Electro-magnetic wave: Speed of light in matter & physical aspects.
• Heat and Temperature.
• Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, Work done on an ideal gas, First & 2nd law of Thermo-dynamics.
• Electricity and Magnetism.
• Hydrostatic properties and pressures.

Computers

• Identification computer hardware and peripheral devices.
• Software applications.
• File management.
• Creating basic documents, worksheets, presentations and databases.
• Distinguishing advantages and disadvantages of networks.
• Working with email and recognize email netiquette.
• Exploring the Web and conducting research.
• Identification computer risks and safety.

English

• Simple Essay writing.

Shipping Law

• Flag registration, ship insurance, the P.& I. Clubs, general knowledge of the structure and working of the IMO, the main IMO committees and main IMO and STCW Conventions, with knowledge of the provisions of Safety, Environmental Protection and Certification of Seafarers and the ILO (MLC-2006) Convention applying to the Seafarers.
• The role of the Classification Societies.
• The role of Port State Control, Flag State Control and other shipping inspectors.

Naval Architecture

• Ships’ structure with strength members, beams, pillars, frames, brackets, bulkheads and disposition of holds, tanks and other spaces, piping, water-tight and strength integrity and general requirements for surveys, inspections and certification.
• Treatment and maintenance of ships’ structures, including anodising, electroplating, synthesizing, galvanizing, phosphating, sherardizing, annealing.

Ship Stability

• Effects of buoyancy, gravity and weight shifts on ships with respect to centre of gravity of the vessel, centre of buoyancy or meta-centric height of this position above the keel, transverse and longitudinal moments, effecting inclining of the vessel and longitudinal trim, righting moments to return to the upright position after being inclines by the force of sea waves, angle of loll, angle of vanishing stability and the formulae and calculations.
• TPI, stresses, bending moments, hogging and sagging and use of tables and use of loading calculators.

Dynamics and Machines

• Displacement, velocity, speed and acceleration for linear and angular motions, and the relationship between linear and angular motions.
• Motion of projectiles, momentum, power, force, velocity and torque.
• Modeling, control and simulation of hydraulic and electric systems, fundamentals of control theory, elements and signals and introduction to forces acting on a ship at sea.
• Forces and moments concerned with static equilibrium and framed structures, Compressive/tensile loading and bending of sections, sections under shear and shafts under torsion.
• Fluids at rest, hydrostatics - example manometers, hydrodynamics. Statics and strength of materials, vector and scalar quantities.
• Equilibrium, resultant and equilibrant, principle and moment of a force, conditions of equilibrium for non-concurrent coplanar force systems, concurrency of three non-parallel coplanar forces for equilibrium, resolution of forces.
• Stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium, pin joints, bows Notation, reaction forces, strut and tie, magnitude and nature forces.

Electric Power Generation

• Principles of marine electrical systems.
• Electrical and electronic devices, physical construction and characteristics of electrical/electronic components, linear D.C. and A.C. electrical circuits, introduction to electronic engineering, semiconductor devices used in rectification and small signal circuit, and programmable logic controllers (PLC).
• Electrical motors and generators, three-phase circuits. Magnetism and electromagnetic induction, generators and motors.
• Electrical distribution systems and transformers.
• High Voltage systems and electric propulsion.
• Instrumentation and control – transducers and pneumatic systems.
• Systems engineering and process control.
• Auxiliary systems and equipment with types, layout, operating principles and construction.

Thermodynamics, Heat Engine Principles

Marine heat engine principles:

• Heat energy, sensible heat, latent heat.
• Change of phase diagram for water.
• Resultant temperature when a solid is placed in a liquid at a different temperature.
• Resultant temperature when up to three liquids at different temperatures are mixed.
• Coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of cubical expansion.
• Heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation .
• Heat transfer through a composite wall of no more than three flat layers in contact.
• Heat transfer from a flat surface.

Marine thermal fluids:

• Heat transfer using extended surfaces.
• Heat exchanger theory and performance.
• Jet theory.
• Fluid flow in rotodynamic machinery.
• Pipe flow.
• Fluid power and losses.

Marine thermodynamic principles:

• Heat transfer during compression and cooling.
• Engine thermodynamics.
• Combustion and emission.

Fuel and Marine Propulsion Design

Internal combustion, diesel engines and operational principles of 2 and 4-stroke engines:

• Engine types and classification.
• Preliminary design calculations.
• Balancing, noise and vibration.
• Engine test analysis.
• The current situation with the use of scrubbing technology.

Boilers:

• Marine boilers design and operating principles.
• Steam turbine design and operating principles.
• Boiler auxiliaries and related systems.

Transmission systems

Gear design

Marine fuels and oils:

• Fuel economy.
• Fuel specifications.
• Lubrication principles and oil types.

Auxiliary and Ancillary Machinery

• Pneumatics, pumps and hydraulic systems.
• Refrigeration and cooling systems, ventilation and air conditioning, cargo preservation: gas liquefaction, air conditioning.
• Bilge and ballast systems.
• Ship stabilisation.
• Load analysis.
• Dynamic positioning.
• Auxiliary power systems.
• Fire fighting.
• Ancillary/Auxiliary systems.
• Types of pumps, valves & heat exchangers.
• Lubricating oil system.
• Fresh water cooling system.
• Sea water cooling systems.
• Steering gear.
• Compressed air systems.
• Fresh water and sewage systems.
• Pipe and instrument diagrams, control valves, process control systems and tuning.

Propulsion Machinery Plant and Ancillary Equipment

Operational procedures, problems and maintenance of marine propulsion plant:

• Starting and stopping plant.
• Fault recognition.
• Maintenance procedures.
• Introduction to “Mechatronics”.

Propellers and shafting:

• Propeller design and analysis.
• Wake adaptation and propeller inflow optimisation; vortex theory and lifting line technique.
• Unconventional propellers.
• Propeller-engine matching and off design conditions.
• Propeller excited vibrations, propeller singing.

Marine Engineering Practice, Safety and the Environment

• Marine management, applying maritime legislation and safety management systems to shipboard operations.
• Personnel management.
• Safety engineering and the environment.
• Health and Safety legislation covering employers and employees, handling, storage and disposal of dangerous substances.
• Work equipment safety requirements and risk assessment.
• Scheduling and planning.

Practical hands down training is provided at Wartsila (Pakistan) Pvt Ltd., Lahore.